he worked on are: introducing TCP/IP and associated protocols
into SURFnet, the connection of SURFnet to the Internet,
introduction of a X.400 MHS infrastructure and a X.500
Directory Services pilot. He has been active in RARE WG1 on
Message Handling Services from 1988 to 1992. Also, in 1988
he joined the RARE WG3 on Directory Services and User Support
and Information Services, which he chaired from 1990 to 1992.
He has been one of the initiators of the new RARE WG
structure that was installed in May 1992, and that is now
managed by the Rare Technical Committee, of which he is a
member. He joined the IESG in November 1991 as area co-
director of the OSI Integration area. He is married and
lives with his wife in Utrecht, The Netherlands.
---------------------------
I ran into the Internet in 1988, and immediately it changed
my perspective on networking. Working for a European service
provider I became a playball tossing up and down between the
Funding Agencies (OSI) and the users (as long as it works),
trying to be soft enough not to hurt anyone, but hard enough
to change things in a manageable way. This has resulted in
my view of networking where I can see benifits in OSI as well
as in the Internet protocol suite, and where I want the users
to get the best of both worlds. After years of battle in the
European camp to make people see the benefits of TCP/IP
(being called an IP-freak), it was quite a refreshing change
to join the IETF where I have to battle for OSI (being called
an OSI-addict). Apart from the OSI integration into the
Internet, I have set myself a second, and possibly even
heavier task, and that is to help and move the Internet and
it's associated structures like IETF, IRTF, IESG, IAB, etc.,
to a more global structure, reflecting the penetration of the
Internet in all its forms outside of North America.
4.15 Dr. Stephen Kent, IAB Member, IRSG Member
Stephen Kent is the Chief Scientist of BBN Communications, a
division of Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., where he has been
enganged in network security research and development
activities for over a decade. His work has included the
design and development of user authentication and access
control systems, end-to-end encryption and access control
systems for packet networks, performance analysis of security
mechanisms, and the design of secure transport layer and
electronic message protocols.
Dr. Kent is the chair of the Internet Privacy and Security
Research Group and a member of the Internet Activities Board.
He served on the Secure Systems Study Committee of the
National Academy of Sciences and is a member of the National
Research Council assessment panel for the NIST National
Computer Systems Laboratory. He was a charter member of the
board of directors of the International Association for
Cryptologic Research. Dr. Kent is the author of a book
chapter and numerous technical papers on packet network
security and has served as a referee, panelist and session
chair for a number of security related conferences. He has
lectured on the topic of network security on behalf of
government agencies, universities and private companies
throughout the United States, Western Europe and Australia.
Dr. Kent received the B.S. degree in mathematics from Loyola
University of New Orleans, and the S.M., E.E., and Ph.D.
degrees in computer science from the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology. He is a member of the ACM and Sigma Xi and
appears in Who's Who in the Northeast and Who's Who of
Emerging Leaders.
4.16 Anthony G. Lauck, IAB Member
Since 1976, Anthony G. Lauck has been responsible for network
architecture and advanced development at Digital Equipment
Corporation, where he currently manages the
Telecommunications and Networks Architecture and Advanced
Development group. For the past fifteen years his group has
designed the network architecture and protocols behind
Digital's DECnet computer networking products. His group has
played a leading role in local area network standardization,
including Ethernet, FDDI, and transparent bridged LANs. His
group has also played a leading role in standardizing the OSI
network and transport layers. Most recently, they have
completed the architecture for the next phase of DECnet which
is based on OSI while providing backward compatibility with
DECnet Phase IV. Prior to his role in network architecture
he was responsible for setting the direction of Digital's
PDP-11 communications products. In addition to working at
Digital, he worked at Autex, Inc. where was a designer of a
transaction processing system for securities trading and at
the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory were he developed
an early remote batch system.
Mr. Lauck received his BA degree from Harvard in 1965. He
has worked in a number of areas related to data
communication, ranging from design of physical links for
local area networks to applications for distributed
processing. His current interests include high speed local
and wide area networks, multiprotocol networking, network
security, and distributed processing. He was a member of the
Committee on Computer-Computer Communications Protocols of
the National Research Council which did a comparison of the
TCP and TP4 transport protocols for DOD and NBS. He was also
a member of the National Science Foundation Network Technical
Advisory Board. In December of 1984, he was recognized by
Science Digest magazine as one of America's 100 brightest
young scientists for his work on computer networking.
------------
In 1978 Vint Cerf came to Digital to give a lecture on TCP
and IP, just prior to the big blizzard. I was pleased to see
that TCP/IP shared the same connectionless philosophy of
networking as did DECnet. Some years later, Digital decided
that future phases of DECnet would be based on standards.
Since Digital was a multinational company, the standards
would need to be international. Unfortunately, in 1980 ISO
rejected TCP and IP on national political grounds. When it
looked like the emerging OSI standards were going to be
limited to purely connection- oriented networking, I was very
concerned and began efforts to standardize connectionless
networking in OSI. As it turned out, TCP/IP retained its
initial lead over OSI, moving internationally as the Internet
expanded, thereby becoming an international protocol suite
and meeting my original needs. I hope that the Internet can
evolve into a multiprotocol structure that can accommodate
changing networking technologies and can do so with a minimum
of religious fervor. It will be exciting to solve problems
like network scale and security, especially in the context of
a network which must serve users while it evolves.
4.17 Dr. Barry Leiner, IAB Member
Dr. Leiner joined Advanced Decision Systems in September
1990, where he is responsible for corporate research
directions. Advanced Decision Systems is focussed on the
creation of information processing technology, systems, and
products that enhance decision making power. Prior to
joining ADS, Dr. Leiner was Assistant Director of the
Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science at NASA Ames
Research Center. In that position, he formulated and carried
out research programs ranging from the development of
advanced computer and communications technologies through to
the application of such technologies to scientific research.
Prior to coming to RIACS, he was Assistant Director for C3
Technology in the Information Processing Techniques Office of
DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency). In that
position, he was responsible for a broad range of research
programs aimed at developing the technology base for large-
scale survivable distributed command, control and
communication systems. Prior to that, he was Senior
Engineering Specialist with Probe Systems, Assistant
Professor of Electrical Engineering at Georgia Tech, and
Research Engineer with GTE Sylvania.
Dr. Leiner received his BEEE from Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute in 1967 and his M.S. and Ph.D. from Stanford
University in 1969 and 1973, respectively. He has done
research in a variety of areas, including direction finding
systems, spread spectrum communications and detection, data
compression theory, image compression, and most recently
computer networking and its applications. He has published
in these areas in both journals and conferences, and received
the best paper of the year award in the IEEE Aerospace and
Electronic Systems Transactions in 1979 and in the IEEE
Communications Magazine in 1984. Dr. Leiner is a Senior
Member of the IEEE and a member of ACM, Tau Beta Pi and Eta
Kappa Nu.
------------
My first exposure to the internet (actually Arpanet) was in
1977 when, as a DARPA contractor, I was provided access. At
that point, the Arpanet was primarily used to support DARPA
and related activities, and was confined to a relatively
small set of users and sites. The Internet technology was
just in the process of being developed and demonstrated. In
fact, my DARPA contract was in relation to the Packet Radio
Network, and the primary motivation for the Internet
technology was to connect the mobile Packet Radio Network to
the long-haul Arpanet. Now, only 13 years later, things have
changed radically. The Internet has grown by several orders
of magnitude in size and connects a much wider community,
including academic, commercial, and government. It has
spread well beyond the USA to include many organizations
throughout the world. It has grown beyond the experimental
network to provide operational service. Its influence is
seen throughout the computer communications community.
4.18 Daniel C. Lynch, IAB Member
Daniel C. Lynch is president and founder of Interop, Inc.
(formerly named Advanced Computing Environments) in Mountain
View, California since 1985. A member of ACM, IEEE and the
IAB, he is active in computer networking with a primary focus
in promoting the understanding of network operational
behavior. The annual INTEROP (conference and exhibition is
the major vehicle for his efforts.
As the director of Information Processing Division for the
Information Sciences Institute in Marina del Rey (USC-ISI)
Lynch led the Arpanet team that made the transition from the
original NCP protocols to the current TCP/IP based protocols.
Lynch directed this effort with 75 people from 1980 until
1983.
He was Director of Computing Facilities at SRI International
in the late 70's serving the computing needs of over 3,000
employees. He formerly served as manager of the computing
laboratory for the Artificial Intelligence Center at SRI
which conducts research in robotics, vision, speech
understanding, theorem proving and distributed databases.
While at SRI he performed initial debugging of the TCP/IP
protocols in conjunction with BBN.
Lynch has been active in computer networking since 1973.
Prior to that he developed realtime software for missile
decoy detection for the USAF. He received undergraduate
training in mathematics and philosophy from Loyola University
of Los Angeles and obtained a Master's Degree in mathematics
from UCLA in 1965.
------------
The Internet has grown because it solves simple problems in a
simple a manner as possible. Putting together a huge
Internet has not been easy. We still do not know how to do
routing in a huge internet. When you add the real world
requirement of commercial security and the desire for
"classes of service" we are faced with big challenges. I
think this means that we have to get a lot more involved with
operational provisioning considerations such as those that
the phone companies and credit card firms have wrestled with.
Hopefully we can do this and still maintain the rather
friendly attitude that Internetters have always had.
4.19 David M. Piscitello, IETF OSI Area Co-director
I received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Mathematics from
Villanova University in 1974, with a strong minor in
Philosophy. Disenchanted with real analysis and metricspace,
I decided to pursue graduate work in Philosophy. Requiring
significant dollars to attend graduate school, I accepted a
programming position with Burroughs and assembly/micro-coded
my way through two semesters of graduate work at Villanova.
Eventually, I realized that teaching existentialism was not
the sort of vocation to pay significant mortgage (this was,
after all, the Carter era, and interest rates were then
nearly 15%). So I remained with Burroughs, and built
compilers.
Fortunately, I discovered data communications, then of the
remote job entry/turnkey form--not quite existentialism, but
close. Somehow, as a result of agreeing to work on a
proprietary HDLC (well, IBM had SDLC, so, Burroughs felt it
had to have BDLC), I became involved with transport and
networking protocols for something called Open Systems
Interconnection. Boning up on available literature -- at the
time, I recall there was some relatively obscure protocol
suite called TCP/IP, and something from Xerox, and even
something from Burroughs that seemed to look a lot like that
TCP/IP thing -- I became pretty excited about helping to
develop something international and new. I eventually
transferred within Burroughs to an architecture group, and
became immersed in network layer protocols for OSI and
Burroughs Network Architecture. I began attending ANSI and
ISO meetings on OSI NL protocols; Dave Oran (DEC), Lyman
Chapin (then at Data General, and Ross Callon (then at BBN)
and I met one day in a conference room at a DEC location and
dreamed up ISO 8473 (ISO IP, ISO CLNP); somehow, it became my
problem, along with virtually everything in the OSI stack
that was datagram or "connectionless", so for several years,
I slugged it out with the X.25 community to see that
datagrams and internetworking would have international
acceptance. Of course, I was not alone, Dave O., Lyman, and
first Ross, later Christine Hemrick (then at NTIA) became an
OSI version of the Gang of Four in this struggle.
I received my first exposure to the IETF in Boston in the
mid-eighties, when both an IETF and an ANSI meeting was held
at BBN, and we shared some insights into routing. At the
time, I was a proponent of distance vector routing, in
particular a routing protocol called BIAS (Burroughs
Interactive Adaptive routing System, go figure how anyone can
leave the "R" out of an acronym for a routing protocol!);
later, along with Jeff Rosenberg and Steve Gruchevsky of
Burroughs (by this time, we were Unisys), I was to introduce
BIAS as a candidate for OSI IS-IS routing in what I've called
the "late, great, OSI Routing debate". Radia Perlman and Dave
Oran introduced what eventually became OSI IS-IS, a link-
state/SPF routing system. The routing debate was probably the
highlight of my standards participation, even being on the
losing side, since each meeting was filled with good
discussions and challenging technical issues.
Eight years in OSI, nearly all in an uphill struggly, took
their toll. I began to resent wading through the obligatory
political purgatory associated with each incremental change
in OSI, and eventually left in frustration. I also left
Unisys at approximately the same time, also in frustration,
to take on what seemed to be yet another Quijotian task --
help Christine Hemrick at Bellcore bring high speed datagram
services into public networks, in the form of SMDS.
Since 1988, I've been associated with SMDS at Bellcore, and
have participated in several aspects of its design, the most
rewarding of which was the design of an SNMP agent for SMDS.
I'd become sort of a chaotic neutral in the OSI vs. TCP/IP
debate, and remain so. I think both technologies have much to
offer. TCP/IP has a better standards development
infrastructure, and I accepted the position as OSI
integration area director along with Erik Huizer because I
believed I could do more for OSI deployment within the
Internet infrastructure than elswhere. This has been
rewarding and frustrating. The rewards have come from meeting
and working with some truly bright and energetic people who
actually care about the implementation and deployment of OSI
applications and transport stacks; the frustration comes from
having to deal with the IP-supremist and near racist attitude
that frequently arises against OSI in the Internet.
Oh, well, yet another Quijotian task. I suspect you'll have
gathered by now that I don't run from a good fight.
4.20 Dr. Jonathan B. Postel, IAB Member, RFCEditor, IRSG Chair
Jon Postel joined ISI in March 1976 as a member of the
technical staff, and is now Division Director of the
Communications Division. His current activities include a
continuing involvement with the evolution of the Internet
through the work of the various ISI projects on Gigabit
Networking, Multimedia Conferencing, Protocol Engineering,
Los Nettos, Parallel Computing System Research, and the Fast
Parts Automated Broker. Previous work at ISI included the
creation of the "Los Nettos" regional network for the Los
Angeles area, creating prototype implementations of several
of the protocols developed for the Internet community,
including the Simple Mail Transport Protocol, the Domain Name
Service, and an experimental Multimedia Mail system. Earlier
Jon studied the possible approaches for converting the
ARPANET from the NCP protocol to the TCP protocol.
Participated in the design of many protocols for the Internet
community.
Before moving to ISI, Jon worked at SRI International in Doug
Engelbart's group developing the NLS (later called Augment)
system. While at SRI Jon led a special project to develop
protocol specifications for the Defense Communication Agency
for AUTODIN-II. Most of the development effort during this
period at ARC was focused on the National Software Works.
Prior to working at SRI, Jon spent a few months with Keydata
redesigning and reimplementing the NCP in the DEC PDP-15 data
management system used by ARPA. Before Keydata, Jon worked
at the Mitre Corporation in Virginia where he conducted a
study of ARPANET Network Control Protocol implementations.
Jon received his B.S. and M.S. in Engineering in 1966 and
1968 (respectively) from UCLA, and the Ph.D. in Computer
Science in 1974 from UCLA. Jon is a member of the ACM. Jon
continues to participate in the Internet Activities Board and
serves as the editor of the "Request for Comments" Internet
document series.
------------
My first experience with the ARPANET was at UCLA when I was
working in the group that became the Network Measurement
Center. When we were told that the first IMP would be
installed at UCLA we had to get busy on a number of problems.
We had to work with the other early sites to develop
protocols, and we had to get our own computing environment in
order -- this included creating a time-sharing operating
system for the SDS Sigma-7 computer. Since then the ARPANET
and then the Internet have continued to grow and always
faster than expected. I think three factors contribute to
the success of the Internet: 1) public documentation of the
protocols, 2) free (or cheap) software for the popular
machines, and 3) vendor independence.
4.21 Joyce K. Reynolds, IETF User Services Area Director
Joyce K. Reynolds has been affiliated with USC/Information
Sciences Institute since 1979. Ms. Reynolds has contributed
to the development of the DARPA Experimental Multimedia Mail
System, the Post Office Protocol, the Telnet Protocol, and
the Telnet Option Specifications. She helped update the File
Transfer Protocol. Her current technical interests include:
internet protocols, internet management, technical
researching, writing, and editing, Internet security
policies, X.500 directory services and Telnet Options. She
established a new informational series of notes for the
Internet community: FYI (For Your Information) RFCs. FYI
RFCs are documents useful to network users. Their purpose is
to make available general and useful information with broad
applicability.
Joyce K. Reynolds received Bachelor of Arts and Master of
Arts degrees in the Social Sciences from the University of
Southern California (USC). Ms. Reynolds is the Associate
Editor of the Internet Society News. She is a member of the
California Internet Federation and the American Society of
Professional and Executive Women. She is affiliated with Phi
Alpha Theta (Honors Society). She is currently listed in
Who's Who in the American Society of Professional and
Executive Women and USC's Who's Who in the College of
Letters, Arts, and Sciences Alumni Directory.
------------
It has been interesting thirteen years in my professional
life to participate in the Internet world, from the
transition from the TENEX to TOPs-20 machines in 1979 to
surviving the NCP to TCP transition in 1980. Celebrating the
achievement of the ISI 1000 Hour Club where one of our TOPs-
20 machines set a record for staying up and running for 1000
consecutive hours without crashing, to watching the cellular
split of the ARPANET into the Milnet and Internet sides, and
surviving the advent. All in all, my most memorable times
are the people who have contributed to the research and
development of the Internet. Lots of hard, intense work,
coupled with creative, exciting fun. As for the future,
there is much discussion and enthusiasm about the next steps
in the evolution of the Internet. I'm looking forward.
4.22 Dr. Michael Schwartz, IRSG Member
Michael Schwartz has been an Assistant Professor of Computer
Science at the University of Colorado, Boulder, since 1987.
His research concerns distributed systems and networks of
international scale, with particular focus on the problem of
allowing users to discover the existence of resources of
interest, such as documents, software, data, network
services, and people. He is also actively involved with
various network measurement studies concerning usage and
connectivity of the global Internet.
Dr. Schwartz is the chair of the recently formed Internet
Research Task Force research group on Resource Discovery and
Directory Service, and is a member of ACM, CPSR, and IEEE.
He received his B.S. degree in Mathematics and Computer
Science from UCLA, and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in
Computer Science from the University of Washington. While a
graduate student, he worked on locally distributed systems,
heterogeneous systems, and naming problems. Schwartz also
worked on radar systems at Hughes Aircraft Company, and on
multi-vendor telephone switching problems at Bell
Communications Research.
------------
The growth in connectivity and functionality of the Internet
over the past five years has been phenomenal. Yet, few would
argue that the Internet is in any sense mature. I believe
what is lacking most are ease of use by a non-expert
populace, and facilities that will allow the Internet to
continue to grow in usefulness as the network grows much
larger. When the Macintosh computer was first introduced, it
swept in an era where "ordinary users" could buy a computer,
turn it on, and begin working. We need analogous
advancements in the field of networking and distributed
systems, to allow people to make sophisticated use of the
capbilities of large networks without the large amount of
specialized knowledge that is currently required. I am
particularly interested in services and protocols that will
allow people to search for resources of interest in the
Internet; to collaborate with individuals who share their
interests and concerns, according to very flexible criteria
for shared interest relationships; and to move about the
global Internet, plugging their mobile computers in at any
point, seamlessly and effortlessly configuring their system
to allow them to work at each new site.
4.23 Bernhard Stockman, IETF Operations Area Co-director
Bernhard Stockman graduated as Master of Science in Electric
Engineering and Computer Systems from the Royal Institute of
Technology in Stockholm Sweden 1986. After a couple of years
as a researcher in distributed computer systems he was 1989
employed by the NORDUNET and SUNET Network Operation Centre
where he is responisble for network monitoring and traffic
measurement.
Bernhard Stockman is mainly involved in international
cooperative efforts. He chairs the RIPE Task Force on Network
Monitoring and Statistics. He chairs the European European
Engineering and Planning Group (EEPG) and is by this also
co-chair in the Intercontinental Engineering and
PlanningGroup (IEPG). He chairs the IETF Operations Area and
is hence the first non-US member of the IESG. He is also co-
charing the Operations Requirements Area Directorate (ORAD).
Bernhard Stockman is currently also involved in the
specification and implementation of a pan-European
multiprotocol backbone. He is charing the group responsibel
for the technical design of the European Backbone (EBONE)
infrastructure.
4.24 Gregory Vaudreuil, IESG Member
Greg Vaudreuil currently serves as both the Internet
Engineering Steering Group Secretary, and the IETF Manager.
As IESG Secretary, he is responsible for shepherding Internet
standards track protocols through the standards process. As
IETF Manager, he shares with the IESG Area Directors the
responsibility for chartering and managing the progress of
all working groups in the IETF. He chairs the Internet Mail
Extensions working group of the IETF.
He graduated from Duke University with a degree in Electrical
Engineering and a major in Public Policy Studies. He was
thrust into the heart of the IETF by accepting a position
with the Corporation for National Research Initiatives to
manage the explosive growth of the IETF.
5. Security Considerations
Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
6. Author's Address
Gary Scott Malkin
Xylogics, Inc.
53 Third Avenue
Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: (617) 272-8140
EMail: gmalkin@Xylogics.COM