/* calculate loss and discard rates */
loss_rate = 256 * loss_count / ctotal;
discard_rate = 256 * discard_count / ctotal;
Intellectual Property Notice
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Acknowledgments
We thank the following people: Colin Perkins, Steve Casner, and
Henning Schulzrinne for their considered guidance; Sue Moon for
helping foster collaboration between the authors; Mounir Benzaid for
drawing our attention to the reporting needs of MLDA; Dorgham Sisalem
and Adam Wolisz for encouraging us to incorporate MLDA block types;
and Jose Rey for valuable review of the SDP Signaling section.
Contributors
The following people are the authors of this document:
Kevin Almeroth, UCSB
Ramon Caceres, IBM Research
Alan Clark, Telchemy
Robert G. Cole, JHU Applied Physics Laboratory
Nick Duffield, AT&T Labs-Research
Timur Friedman, Paris 6
Kaynam Hedayat, Brix Networks
Kamil Sarac, UT Dallas
Magnus Westerlund, Ericsson
The principal people to contact regarding the individual report
blocks described in this document are as follows:
sec. report block principal contributors
---- ------------ ----------------------
4.1 Loss RLE Report Block Friedman, Caceres, Duffield
4.2 Duplicate RLE Report Block Friedman, Caceres, Duffield
4.3 Packet Receipt Times Report Block Friedman, Caceres, Duffield
4.4 Receiver Reference Time Report Block Friedman
4.5 DLRR Report Block Friedman
4.6 Statistics Summary Report Block Almeroth, Sarac
4.7 VoIP Metrics Report Block Clark, Cole, Hedayat
The principal person to contact regarding the SDP signaling described
in this document is Magnus Westerlund.
References
Normative References
[1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[2] Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.
[3] ETSI, "Quality of Service (QoS) measurement methodologies", ETSI
TS 101 329-5 V1.1.1 (2000-11), November 2000.
[4] Handley, M. and V. Jacobson, "SDP: Session Description
Protocol", RFC 2327, April 1998.
[5] Hovey, R. and S. Bradner, "The Organizations Involved in the
IETF Standards Process", BCP 11, RFC 2028, October 1996.
[6] ITU-T, "The E-Model, a computational model for use in
transmission planning", Recommendation G.107, January 2003.
[7] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA
Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October 1998.
[8] Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "An Offer/Answer Model with
the Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3264, June 2002.
[9] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R. and V. Jacobson,
"RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications", RFC
3550, July 2003.
[10] TIA/EIA-810-A Transmission Requirements for Narrowband Voice
over IP and Voice over PCM Digital Wireline Telephones, December
2000.
Informative References
[11] Adams, A., Bu, T., Caceres, R., Duffield, N.G., Friedman, T.,
Horowitz, J., Lo Presti, F., Moon, S.B., Paxson, V. and D.
Towsley, "The Use of End-to-End Multicast Measurements for
Characterizing Internal Network Behavior", IEEE Communications
Magazine, May 2000.
[12] Baugher, McGrew, Oran, Blom, Carrara, Naslund and Norrman, "The
Secure Real-time Transport Protocol", Work in Progress.
[13] Caceres, R., Duffield, N.G. and T. Friedman, "Impromptu
measurement infrastructures using RTP", Proc. IEEE Infocom 2002.
[14] Clark, A.D., "Modeling the Effects of Burst Packet Loss and
Recency on Subjective Voice Quality", Proc. IP Telephony
Workshop 2001.
[15] Handley, M., Perkins, C. and E. Whelan, "Session Announcement
Protocol", RFC 2974, October 2000.
[16] Reynolds, J., Ed., "Assigned Numbers: RFC 1700 is Replaced by an
On-line Database", RFC 3232, January 2002.
[17] Schulzrinne, H., Rao, A. and R. Lanphier, "Real Time Streaming
Protocol (RTSP)", RFC 2326, April 1998.
[18] Sisalem D. and A. Wolisz, "MLDA: A TCP-friendly Congestion
Control Framework for Heterogeneous Multicast Environments",
Proc. IWQoS 2000.
Authors’ Addresses
Kevin Almeroth
Department of Computer Science
University of California
Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
EMail: almeroth@cs.ucsb.edu
Ramon Caceres
IBM Research
19 Skyline Drive
Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA
EMail: caceres@watson.ibm.com
Alan Clark
Telchemy Incorporated
3360 Martins Farm Road, Suite 200
Suwanee, GA 30024 USA
Phone: +1 770 614 6944
Fax: +1 770 614 3951
EMail: alan@telchemy.com
Robert G. Cole
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
MP2-S170
11100 Johns Hopkins Road
Laurel, MD 20723-6099 USA
Phone: +1 443 778 6951
EMail: robert.cole@jhuapl.edu
Nick Duffield
AT&T Labs-Research
180 Park Avenue, P.O. Box 971
Florham Park, NJ 07932-0971 USA
Phone: +1 973 360 8726
Fax: +1 973 360 8050
EMail: duffield@research.att.com
Timur Friedman
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6)
Laboratoire LiP6-CNRS
8, rue du Capitaine Scott
75015 PARIS France
Phone: +33 1 44 27 71 06
Fax: +33 1 44 27 74 95
EMail: timur.friedman@lip6.fr
Kaynam Hedayat
Brix Networks
285 Mill Road
Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA
Phone: +1 978 367 5600
Fax: +1 978 367 5700
EMail: khedayat@brixnet.com
Kamil Sarac
Department of Computer Science (ES 4.207)
Eric Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science
University of Texas at Dallas
Richardson, TX 75083-0688 USA
Phone: +1 972 883 2337
Fax: +1 972 883 2349
EMail: ksarac@utdallas.edu
Magnus Westerlund
Ericsson Research
Ericsson AB
SE-164 80 Stockholm Sweden
Phone: +46 8 404 82 87
Fax: +46 8 757 55 50
EMail: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
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